Hybrid Model Predictive Control Framework for Efficient Operation of a Five-Port Converter Interfaced DC Microgrid

This article proposes a hybrid Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework for DC microgrids utilizing a five-port converter to optimize power sharing among PV, batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors while strictly adhering to manufacturer operational constraints. The study validates a hierarchical control architecture—combining supervisory MPC with local PI regulation—through a 2 kW experimental prototype, demonstrating robustness under stochastic generation and load fluctuations.

Figure 1: Experimental setup of five-port DC-DC converter.

Figure 2: Current profiles of PV, battery, fuel cell and supercapacitor bank (top), load bus voltage and load current profile (bottom)